Quebra-Cabeças Criptográficos

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Sistemas de Informação.É de comum conhecimento, dentro da área de Segurança em Compu- tação, que dispomos de diferentes mecanismos para garantir que os princípios relacionados à mesma sejam garantidos. São eles: confiden- cialidade, integridade, disponibilidade e autenticidade. Um dos me- canismos conhecidos hoje chama-se Crypto Puzzle, ou Quebra-Cabeça Criptográfico. Trata-se de um problema matemático que deve ser resol- vido para obter acesso a alguma coisa, seja ela uma informação básica ou até acesso aos diferentes serviços de um servidor. A utilização de quebra-cabeças criptográficos pode reforçar diferentes aspectos de segu- rança, desde garantir confidencialidade de uma informação por deter- minado tempo, até melhorar a disponibilidade de um serviço, servindo de mecanismo de controle de requisições contra ataques de negação de serviço (conhecidos como DoS - Denial of Service). O presente trabalho pretende explorar os diferentes tipos de quebra- cabeça existentes, bem como a diferença, as vantagens e desvantagens entre eles e, baseado nas propriedades que cada um atende, irá mostrar a aplicabilidade de cada um. Além disso, este trabalho visa detalhar e implementar três abordagens diferentes de quebra-cabeças criptográfi- cos, conhecidas como Time Lock, Subset Sum e Modular Square Roots. Estas três abordagens foram selecionadas por possuírem a propriedade de não paralelização, sendo úteis em cenários onde o tempo de resolu- ção do quebra-cabeça é extremamente importante. Além de detalhar e implementar estas três abordagens, uma série de experimentos será realizada em cada uma delas. Os resultados experi- mentais encontrados nos permitirão confirmar a eficiência das aborda- gens e compreender melhor os conceitos matemáticos envolvidos. Além disso, será possível comparar uma abordagem com a outra no que diz respeito à sua complexidade, custo computacional e precisão de tempo.The information security and secrecy scenario can be explored in several ways. It is common knowledge, within the area of Computer Security, that we have different mechanisms to ensure that the principles related to it are guaranteed. These are: confidentiality, integrity, availability and authenticity. One of the mechanisms known today is called Cryp- tographic Puzzle. This is a mathematical problem that must be solved to gain access to something, be it basic information or even access to the different services of a server. The use of cryptographic puzzles can reinforce different aspects of security, from guaranteeing confidentia- lity of information for a certain time, to improving the availability of a service, serving as a mechanism to control requests against Denial of Service attacks (also known as DoS attacks). The present work intends to explore the different types of puzzle, as well as the difference, the advantages and disadvantages between them and, based on the properties that each one attends, will show the ap- plicability of each one. In addition, this work aims to implement three different approaches of cryptographic puzzles, known as Time Lock, Subset Sum and Modular Square Roots. These three approaches were selected because they have the non-parallelization property, which make them useful in scenarios where the puzzle’ solving time is extremely im- portant. In addition to detailing and implementing these three approaches, a series of experiments will be conducted on each of them. Experimental results will allow us to confirm the efficiency of the approaches and to better understand the mathematical concepts involved. In addition, it will be possible to compare one approach with the other, considering its complexity, computational cost, and time precision

Clinical strategies for managing emergency endodontic pain

Pulpal and periradicular pain is leading cause of emergency care demand. Literature review: Pain management in endodontics includes important aspects for its control and prevention, such as reducing anxiety and preoperative pain, control of intra-operative pain and the treatment of postoperative pain. These review pointed out some important measures that may be the key for the effectiveness control and prevention of pain in endodontic procedures. One of the effective strategies currently used in these cases is structured to evaluate the painful condition through a 3-D approach which establish a differential diagnosis, definitive treatment, and rational use of drugs, based on the most appropriate scientific evidence available in the literature

GESTÃO DE PROJETO APLICADA À PESQUISA: EXPERIÊNCIA EM INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA UNIVERSITÁRIA DE GRANDE PORTE

Pesquisadores dos departamentos de Patologia e de Radiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP) conceberam o projeto Plataforma de Imagens na Sala de Autópsia (PISA) para investigar possibilidades de pesquisa, ensino e assistência à saúde utilizando diferentes técnicas de imagens associadas à autópsia. Em seu desenvolvimento, o projeto envolveu diversas instituições do Sistema Acadêmico da FMUSP e de seu Hospital das Clínicas, além da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). As dimensões alcançadas rapidamente pelo projeto exigiram a adoção de um modelo de gestão que leva em conta as peculiaridades de um projeto de pesquisa mas adota as ferramentas modernas de gestão, além de um modelo de governança que permite a transparência e a comunicação entre os diversos interessados na Plataforma. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a interface entre a vertente científica que o projeto aborda e o modelo de gestão adotado para seu gerenciamento. Além disso, expor sua estrutura organizacional, desde sua concepção até a formatação que possui nos dias de hoje. Para se chegar ao modelo de gestão atual, foram usadas técnicas e práticas consagradas de gerenciamento de projetos

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in Preschool Children

Aim. To examine the association between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in preschool children. Methods. The study comprised 281 children (55.9% boys) aged from 4 to 6 years. PA was measured by accelerometer. Children were categorized as non-overweight (NOW) and overweight/obese (OW) according to the sex-adjusted BMI z-score (<1 and ≥1, resp.). Results. Total and moderate intensity PA were not associated with BMI. We observed that a higher proportion of OW children were classified as low-vigorous PA compared to their NOW peers (43.9 versus 32.1%, resp., P > .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with low-vigorous PA had higher odds ratio (OR) to be classified as OW compared to those with high-vigorous PA (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.4–13.4; P = .008) after adjusting for BMI at first and second years of life and other potential confounders. Conclusion. The data suggests that vigorous PA may play a key role in the obesity development already at pre-school age

Profile of phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of sorrel in function of organic fertilization and density of plantio

The revival of non-conventional edible plants enables important gains in nutritional, social, cultural, economic, and environmental points of view. Among them, sorrel — Rumex acetosa L. — has been deemed pleasant by consumers due to its acid taste. As we do not have a lot of phytotechnical and nutritional information about this plant, the objective was to assess the influence of different spacing sets and cattle manure dosages on their physical-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds content with antioxidant action. Randomized blocks with four repetitions was chosen as experimental design, using a scheme of subdivided plots, with five dosages of weather-beaten cattle manure in the plots and two sets of spacing in the subplots. Data was submitted to a variance analysis with two factors (two-way ANOVA). It was not verified any significant effect (P>0.05) in the interaction Dosage x Spacing. Fertilization dosages and spacing sets did not have any effect on color and total soluble solids average contents, humidity, titratable acidity, and phenolic compounds. Increasing dosages of organic fertilizer, up to 75 kg ha-1, reduced the plant’s pH; above that amount, pH rose. Presence of anthocyanins and vitamin C was not detected. The total carotenoids average content was not influenced by the manure factor, and the plant presented greater total carotenoids content in the smallest spacing. Antioxidant activity [1.0 mg mL-1], although inferior to the standards that were used (BHT, vitamin C and quercetin), was quite representative. A conclusion was reached that fertilizing with weather-beaten cattle manure had an effect only on pH, and cropping spacing had an influence only on carotenoids content. Other phytochemicals and physical-chemical characteristics were not influenced in sorrel plants with different levels of fertilization and sets of spacing

Encapsulation into Stealth Liposomes Enhances the Antitumor Action of Recombinant Cratylia mollis Lectin Expressed in Escherichia coli

This study evaluated the in vivo antitumor potential of new recombinant lectin from seeds of Cratylia mollis (rCramoll) expressed in Escherichia coli, free or encapsulated in stealth liposomes, using mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. rCramoll-loaded stealth liposomes (rCramoll-lipo) were formulated by hydration of the lipid film followed by cycles of freezing and thawing, and about 60% of rCramoll was encapsulated. This novel preparation showed particle size, polydispersity index, and pH suitable for the evaluation of antitumor activity in vivo. Tumor growth inhibition rates were 68% for rCramoll and 80% for rCramoll-lipo. Histopathological analysis of the experimental groups showed that both free and encapsulated lectin caused no changes in the kidneys of animals. Hematological analysis revealed that treatment with rCramoll-lipo significantly increased leukocyte concentration when compared with the untreated and pCramoll group. In conclusion, the encapsulation of rCramoll in stealth liposomes improves its antitumor activity without substantial toxicity; this approach was more successful than the previous results reported for pCramoll loaded into conventional liposomes. At this point, a crucial difference between the antitumor action of free and encapsulated rCramoll was found along with their effects on immune cells. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the antitumor effect induced by rCramoll

Care for people with heart failure after hospital discharge: integrative review / Cuidado à pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca após alta hospitalar: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências acerca das orientações que devem ser oferecidas à pessoa com Insuficiência Cardíaca para a continuidade do tratamento. Método: Revisão integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed, Cinahl, Web of Science e Scopus. Resultados: Dos 5422 títulos identificados, 31 artigos foram incluídos para análise. Apreendeu-se que os estudos abordaram, dentre outros aspectos, a importância da orientação da doença, dos sinais e sintomas e da detecção da agudização; no entanto, constatou-se a dificuldade na utilização de linguagem adequada para facilitar a compreensão pela pessoa e/ou pelos familiares. Conclusão: Sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados a respeito desse tema, a fim de possibilitar aos profissionais de saúde a formulação de um plano de cuidados coerente, com fundamentação nas melhores evidências científicas.

GQ-16, a TZD-derived partial PPARγ agonist, induces the expression of thermogenesis- related genes in brown fat and visceral white fat and decreases visceral adiposity in obese and hyperglycemic mice

Background Beige adipocytes comprise a unique thermogenic cell type in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of rodents and humans, and play a critical role in energy homeostasis. In this scenario, recruitment of beige cells has been an important focus of interest for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat obesity. PPARγ activation by full agonists (thiazolidinediones, TZDs) drives the appearance of beige cells, a process so-called browning of WAT. However, this does not translate into increased energy expenditure, and TZDs are associated with weight gain. Partial PPARγ agonists, on the other hand, do not induce weight gain, but have not been shown to drive WAT browning. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of GQ-16 on BAT and on browning of WAT in obese mice. Methods Male Swiss mice with obesity and hyperglycemia induced by high fat diet were treated with vehicle, rosiglitazone (4 mg/kg/d) or the TZD-derived partial PPARγ agonist GQ-16 (40 mg/ kg/d) for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lipid profile were measured. WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots were excised for determination of adiposity, relative expression of Ucp-1, Cidea, Prdm16, Cd40 and Tmem26 by RT-qPCR, histological analysis, and UCP-1 protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples were also removed for histological analysis and determination of hepatic triglyceride content. Results GQ-16 treatment reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice despite increasing energy intake. This was accompanied by reduced epididymal fat mass, reduced liver triglyceride content, morphological signs of increased BAT activity, increased expression of thermogenesis- related genes in interscapular BAT and epididymal WAT, and increased UCP-1 protein expression in interscapular BAT and in epididymal and inguinal WAT. Conclusion This study suggests for the first time that a partial PPARγ agonist may increase BAT activity and induce the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in visceral WAT. General Significance These findings suggest that PPARγ activity might be modulated by partial agonists to induce WAT browning and treat obesity